The slave trade in Africa and Cameroon: A profitable activity which impoverished some and enriched others

malumiereetmonsalut Par Le 26/02/2025 à 13:28 0

Dans Histoire

History


Zanzibar slave market-1860. Image: Edwin R L Stocqueler (1829-1895)

Analyze/Professor Tchotsoua Michel (1964-2024), geographer, specialist in development strategies and geomatics, used to tell his students to "not getting angry at the white man as a human being, but rather as a system" because human beings in general always have needs which vary from one person to another, and which are even more considerable at the level of the great civil servants of the State who have the duty, if not to say the obligation, to find ways to satisfy very demanding populations. What must rather be denounced and condemned are the hazardous means used to obtain a certain number of satisfactions acquired very often and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular, with disregard for the dignity of the human being.

Between the 16th and the beginning of the 19th century, navigators and other foreign explorers travelled the African coasts, driven by a desire not only to discover new territories, but above all to identify the assets or economic potential of these territories and appropriate them through maps, construction of road infrastructures, and creation of plantations among other things with the aim of further enriching the greatest powers whose nationals or emissaries had always the approval of their leaders to embark on this conquest of the world which continues even today by using all possible sulphurous means. This is the reason why even evangelization campaigns largely contributed to better establishing external hegemony, and maintaining black slave trade in particular which was satisfactory for local leaders, and great powers even more which enjoyed privilege of cheap labour for their plantations and firms located particularly in America and Europe. Indeed, if labour obviously has a cost if it is nationals of this great power who work, why do without cheap labour which is found on a continent populated by sub-humans we can obtain in exchange junk of less value for us, but especially not for those we considered to be an inferior race.

African human capital was vandalized to satisfy superior individuals who were not yet aware of the fact that these blacks were Mens like them, and that racism and other reductionist and segregationist doctrines were bad. We had to wait for the proclamation of the abolition of this trade to witness not the end, but the beginning of an end which still had a long way to go because even the years which followed this abolition were still part from a context where black people had few rights, and enormous duties towards masters who had bought several Africans like cattle, with the complicity of local leaders who cared more about themselves than the lives of their fellow men, and even less the development of their territory; something that European and American civilizations in particular were already aware of.

Image extract of the slave port of Bimbia. Image: Africa Travel Association

The slave trade in Cameroon

Slave ports were built in Duala, Rio Del Rey and Bimbia. Thousands of slaves were deported there to America and Europe in addition to the reality of the transit of millions of slaves on these transit points which were part of the international circuit of the sale of slaves. A practice that even the abolition of slavery in 1848 did not stop. The practice continued to continue clandestinely. Some opinions collected by researchers said that King BILE (BILÉ, nicknamed by the British King William I of Bimbia in the current South-West region, convinced some chiefs of the surrounding villages to participate in the slave trade even after the abolition.

The port of the coastal town of Bimbia served as a transit zone, warehouse and sale of slaves and a place for embarking slaves coming or in transit to Bimbia. Some sources speak of deportations figures of between 40,000 and 70,000 in Cameroon. The main markets were the Wouri River in the current Littoral region, Rio del Rey (a maritime bay located in the South-West region to the east of the Bakassi peninsula), and finally Bimbia-Nicholls Island and its associated sites. An article published by the United Nations Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) lists the following sites: The Fontem market in Lébialem (North-West), the Bamendjinda market in Bamboutos (West) , the chiefdom of Bana in Haut-Nkam (West), the chiefdom of Bandjoun in koung-khi (West), the slave market of Foumban in Noun (West), the market of Kamna in Ndé (West), the Laapu market in Bangou in the Hauts-Plateaux (West-Cameroon), the Fondon of Bali-Nyonga in Mezam (North-West), the Mankon shopping centre in Mezam (North -West), the Pondom of Kom in the commune of Boyo (North-west), the banks of the wouri and yabassi.

Slave traffickers took advantage of customary slavery in a set of environments favourable to a trade which contributed in no way to the development of their territories, but to that of foreign countries for whom Africa was a breadbasket of cheap resources populated by ignorant and barbaric people to civilize, and use as they wish. This traffic, which became illicit after its abolition, lasted for more than three centuries. Those most sensitive to ideas of the dignity of the human person contributed to its real abolition after the second decree abolition of slavery signed in France on April 27, 1848 after a first abolition on February 4, 1794. In 1850, the British replaced the slave trade with palm oil production. But it is not enough just to ratify the abolition by a decree and adopt measures aimed at putting an end to a practice which has had time to establish a scale of consideration above which the "white race" is found » to resolve the root of the problem. The act of April 27, 1848, as well as the enforcement or compliance measures that followed, were only one step in the process of abolishing the myth of the “subhuman Negro" and of a white race superior. False considerations have been fought over time to arrive today at a change in the mentality of a large majority despite the persistence of a racist and xenophobic minority.

If before black Men had a less consideration of himself and the territory in which he lived, today, he is more aware of it and is more favourable to State partnerships which benefit both parties without injustices which could lead to think that we have sold part of our sovereignty to a great power which has the right to do what she wants outside its Territory. The sale of a territory and some islands with the aim of expanding the authority of a queen is a historical reality which should further enable local authorities and African leaders in particular to further establish their authority and further defend their sovereignty and no longer sell territories as was the case between Alfred Saker and the king of Bimbia called by the British William I in 1858. A sale which brought nothing to the country apart from a historical memory which sufficiently shows to what extent the colonial period favoured the great powers who took advantage of this period to gain notoriety and enrich themselves further to the detriment of African Territories which today have the right to establish win-win partnerships which favour the particular interests of their people who no longer belong to an inferior race, but to human species to whom time has taken charge of establishing a new consideration which breaks the limits of perverse divisions which now belong to another era.

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